Defibrillators Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Defibrillators - Essay ExamplePer the European Union legal framework, a medical examination device is an weapon that is used in diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of diseased conditions where its mode of action is not through chemic action in a patients body. Medical devices consist of enormous variations with think to their sophistication and scope of use, which ranges from tongue depressors to medical robots and cardiac pacemakers. Biomedical engineering involves fundamental aspects of the device production including designing, schema analysis, and practical application. This is in line with ensuring that quality and reliable devices. This paper seeks to highlight defibrillators as medical devices with regard to their history, scope of application and safety aspects of the device in terms of human factors engineering. It is estimated that about 30,000 people in the United Kingdom experience cardiac arrest away from the hospital annually and they are assisted by medical emer gency response units (Resuscitation Council, 2010). Such assistance is facilitated by the availability of portable medical devices, which prove essential in the delivery of the critically required services. Among the crucial devices required in relieving the cause of cardiac arrest is the defibrillator. Defibrillators are apparatus, external or implanted, that deliver an electric shock to the heart via the breast cavity in order to resort public heart rhythms. Defibrillators function by delivering a joust of electric current to the heart in order to polarise the muscles and nerve cells, allowing them resume a normal rhythm (Street, 2012). Implanted Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) constantly monitors the heartbeat rate as well as its rhythm to get a line abnormal and life threatening rhythms, which on detection an electric shock is sent to the heart to restore a normal rhythm (Defibrillation, n.d). The device also works as a pacemaker to bear the effectuate of the electric s hock, which slows down the rate of the heartbeat. The above is illustrative of a monitoring and feedback mechanism, where the defibrillators function establish on signals taken from the patient after its analysis. Among the external defibrillator units are automated external defibrillators (AED), which automate the patients heartbeat rhythms for monitoring as electric shock is administered to normalise the rhythm. AEDs consist of in-built computer systems that demonstrate the patients heartbeat in order to assess the need to administer defibrillation (Sciammarella, n.d.). One of the ordinary causes of cardiac arrest is ventricular fibrillation, which is characterised by chaotic, un organised electrical malfunction of the heart resulting in a less effective heartbeat (Khandpur, 2003). This chaotic electrical activity can be stopped and its effects reversed by the application of an electrical counter shock where heart assumes a normal and organised rhythm. Disorders in the generatio n of a normal pulse by the heart results irregular heartbeats manifested in arrhythmias. unnatural automaticity and triggered activity are characteristic of conduction abnormalities that trigger ventricular tachycardia. In addition to the use of medicinal drug and surgical procedures in the management of arrhythmias, defibrillation comes in handy in resolution of ventricular tachyarrhythmia and atrial fibrillation. This is in particular so for medical emergencies that occurs away from healthcare facilities.

BUSINESS LAW II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

BUSINESS LAW II - Essay object lessonIn other words, if any financial institution fails, non the customers and taxpayers will bear the cost of such failed financial institutions but Wall Street.Additionally, bad debts will be dropped since banks among other financial institutions will be restrained from incurring unforeseen financial risks. This means that nearly all borrowers will be evaluated well to minimize obvious defaults. Notably, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 works with the Consumer Financial Protection dressing table (CFPB) that ensures that financial institutions have high financial standards that they uphold at all time of their operations (Berson and Berson, 2012). It is in addition worth noting that the retained percentage will also minimize the losses incurred by financial institutions in case of defaulters. The Dodd-Frank Wall Street and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 and its components seems not to be favoring financial institut ion since it does not provide bail out for financial institutions during rough economy, rather, the government will shut deplete them down as they will be considered as failed

European Human Rights Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

European serviceman Rights Law - Essay ExampleThus, under Articles 1, the Member Nations are accountable for the infringement of the safeguarded freedom and rights of some(prenominal) individual within their legal power or competence particularly at the juncture of the infringement. In Assanidze v Georgia1 case, the pivotal issue before the court was whether the jurisdiction can be exercised by the Central authorities of Georgia in the Ajarian Autonomous Republic as the Georgia encountered some intricacies in inflicting its authority everywhere the local authority of the autonomous republic. The view of the court was that the Ajarian Autonomous Republic is without any(prenominal) doubt an intact province of the Georgia and subject to its accommodate and competence . Thus, in this case, no debate concerning the effective control was thrown up2. Though a state is having jurisdiction throughout its territory, there could be some terrible scenarios where a State could not exerci se its authority in some regions in its territory. So as to corroborate whether such scenario is existing , the Court will be looking into not only the heading facts but also the States demeanour as the State has the positive duty to novice apt steps to make sure that there exists a respect for human rights within its consentient of its region. The court will also look into in an extraordinary scenario the acts of a State which created impacts or happened extraneous its jurisdiction or territory, which could be regarded as exercise of its jurisdiction. Further, if in the outside territory of a State, if a State is exercising its control over its local administration, mainly through its military and fiscal support, then it could be conceived as the State is having jurisdiction in such territories3. Only under chuck outional scenarios , jurisdiction is supposed on the footing of non-territorial issues like the criminal activities by any individuals in abroad against the partic ipation of the its nationals or against the country actions by public officials carried out in abroad by consular and diplomatic representatives of the State certain acts carried out on the board of vessels flying the State flag or ballistic capsule or aircraft registered in such a nation and especially in relation to grave foreign crimes. In Gentilhomme and Others v France,4 it was held that the design of jurisdiction within the meaning of Article 1 of the convention essential be regarded as mirroring the status under public international law. In Bankovic and Others v Belgium and other contract States5, it was held that the concept jurisdiction is essentially or primarily territorial. In Lozidou v Turkey6 , the territorial jurisdiction covers any area which, at the time of the said infringement, is under the overall control of of the state concerned, which is in admittance to the State territory proper. In Cyprus v Turkey GC7 , the term jurisdiction refers notably to occu pied regions except the areas which fall outside such control8. In Illascu v Moldova and Russia9 case, the court substitutes the effective control test by appending two more new components the survival through support test and the decisive influence test. In this case, the court has not given any significance to the effective control but substituted the same with the concept effective authority. In Moldova

The Law of the UK and the US on Assisted Death Essay

The Law of the UK and the US on Assisted Death - Essay ExampleIn the present day there have been attempts to legalize aided suicide. This attempt has met strong opposition from human being adepts activists citing issues of right to life. However some advances in the United States have legalized assisted dying while it corpse ineligible in other states. In the United Kingdom assisted death is still illegal despite the many efforts by the parliament to pass a bill in its support. Legal Concerns terzetto American states namely Washington, Montana and Oregon have legalized assisted suicide. Oregon has enacted the Oregon Death with self-worth Act which has legalized assisted death. Washington too has enacted its own impartiality namely the Washington Death with gravitas Act which too has legalized assisted suicide. In Montana assisted death was legalized via a ruling in the case of Baxter v Montana 20091. However, there ar many barriers to use of these victual considering the fa ct that the right to life which is a constitutional right guaranteed by the constitution of the United States. An instance where the use of the provisions of the enactments has been limited is in Oregon where a physician may prescribe a medication which unless must be self-administered. The somebody is required to be a resident of Oregon. To escape criminal financial obligation two oral requests from the patient and a written request for prescription are a requirement. The desexualize must also give a written confirmation that the act by the patient was communicate and voluntary. All these limitations to these provisions check the balance between the constitutional rights to life. In some states there are enacted laws which specifically prohibit assisted suicide. For example in Alaska, Statute 11.41.120(a) (2) specifically prohibits assisted dying2. The supreme courtyard of Alaska declared unanimously in the case of Sampson V. Alaska, that the right to assisted suicide was unco nstitutional and upheld the Alaska law that prohibits the assisted suicide3. Florida States Statute 782.08 and euthanasia law specifically prohibit assisted dying. In Krischer v Mclver, the supreme court of Florida ruled that under the constitution of Florida the right to assisted suicide was prohibited4. The Oregon state legalized assisted dying after November the year 1994 when Oregon citizens voted for a physician assisted suicide by their vote of 51% to 49%. Later in the year 1997, the citizens rejected an attempt to overturn this law by a majority of 60%5. The Michigan law expressly prohibits assisted suicide. The law provides that a person is guilty of criminal offence if he or she knows that another person intends to commits suicide and with the invention to assist that person himself or herself provides a means or means through which that individuals kills himself or herself6. The person is also guilty where he or she directly participates in the act of killing the person c ommitting suicide. hence its still an offence in instance of attempted suicide. In most of the States of United States, it is a criminal offence to assist someone to commit suicide. Alpers and Benard affirm that churches and human rights activist have powerfully fought against any attempt to enact laws that allow assisted dying7. This has been a bone of contention for a dogged period. Humanitarian groups now feel that the law is oppressive to the extent that it deprives an individual their right of being autonomous beings. Thus there have been debates that the law allowing attempted suicide is incompatible with the

FAMILY HISTORY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

FAMILY HISTORY - Essay ExampleLucky enough nobody from my past contracted Spanish flu as my relatives who were in the Arm were given vaccine to prevent them as their families from the illness.My grandparents were still farmers who principally planted corn and unplowed domestic animals such as horses. The roaring of the 20s, however, made them migrate to Texas were my father was born but in a later on time. The prohibition did not affect anybody in my family line as nobody was concerned with alcohol. The years forrader World war II significantly affected my family as my relatives, who took part in World War I, were called up again for World War II. Two of my relatives lost their lives during the war, which seriously affected the family. According to my father, my grandparents got an indoor(prenominal) toilet precisely in 1938.Some of my relatives started working particularly in the white collar sector. My grandparents, however, kept up with their farming. During the attack on P earl Harbor, a relative of mine who passed on, in 1970, was there and gave my relatives stories of how the soldiers were friendly to survive the unexpected attack. However, they had a hard time recovering from the effects of World War II as it took the lives of two of my relatives away. During the cold war era, people living in the U.S. had a capitalist culture, and this is how my family mainly lived (Forbes 14). During the McCarthy era, a lot of families were accused of being communists, but my family showed loyalty to the American government and these accusations did not partake them. The animated film, The Wolf Man, was much appreciated by my family members. They already had a TV set earlier this time, and some of the favorite shows the Lets Rhumba show.My parents were born during this time. My relatives were concerned in keeping the family business of selling corn going. During the assassination of President Kennedy, my father remembers how the country mourned for losing

Similarities and Differences in Mitosis and Meiosis Essay

Similarities and Differences in Mitosis and light reflex - Essay ExampleMitosis comprises of standard steps of Inter anatomy, Prophase, Prometaphase, Anaphase and Telophase. Interphase is the process where cell prepares material for cell breakdown. In this phase chromosomes are unseen, but chromatin granules are seen clearly.(Lehninger, 2008) In the Prophase in mitosis, foursome chromatids combine to form a pair of chromosomes which are joined by a centromere. Comparatively in Meiosis Prophase I, four chromosomes instead of chromatids combine to form two tetrads. The chromosomes in the tetrad cross over each other, allowing them to exchange communicable material. In the Metaphase in Mitosis, the two chromosomes line up in the center and recess up into four chromatids which move to both of the poles. In Parallel, in miosis, the two tetrads line up in the center and split up into four chromosomes which go to both poles. In the Telophase, all the material that has migrated to the poles gets enclosed by the nuclear envelope in Mitosis as well as meiosis. Mitosis is completed at this stage. Meiosis then continue to Meiosis II which is identical to mitosis. DNA replication is skipped in interphase and the cells proceed to divide exactly by the mechanism of mitosis.Thus mitosis involves a single nuclear division which gives rise to two identical missy nuclei. Meiosis on the other hand involves two successive nuclear divisions and hence one diploid cell gives rise to four haploid cells. Consequently for mitosis to occur, the mother cell can be every haploid or diploid. However for meiosis to occur the mother cell has to be necessary diploid so that the chromosome number can be halved. Mitosis generally occurs in all somatic cells of the body whereas meiosis occurs only in the sex cells in the body. The number of chromosomes per nucleus remains the same after division i.e n remains n and same applies for 2n. The meiotic products contain a haploid (n) number of c hromosomes, in contrast to the 2n mother cell. Mitosis is preceded by an S-phase in which the amount of DNA is duplicated. Only meiosis I is preceded by an S-phase. (Radboud University, 2003) Meiosis II proceeds without a pre S phase. Homologous chromosomes remain independent in mitosis. On the other hand complete

Project finance deals usually require some form of Governmental Essay

Project finance deals usually require some form of political support. What Governmental or Legislature actions create better - Essay ExampleIt can be well depicted from the definition provided by Benjamin C. Esty, which states that Project finance involves the creation of a legally independent vagabond company financed with equity from one or more sponsoring firms and non-recourse debt for the train of investing in a gravid asset3. Project financing include various features which in turn mothers the entire litigate to be complex and multifaceted. Few of the major characteristics involved in wander financing relates to the nature of the contract among the ejection company and the parties who are financially responsible for the completion of the objectify. Project financing also involves the legal symmetry between the financially accountable parties and the tolerate company, focussed on the availability of cash to assist the functional expenditures and fulfil the requireme nts of debt services in any circumstances. Another major attribute of project financing is that the make includes a legal consent from the involved parties which intends to secure the process of the project financially in grammatical case of any defaults arising even after the completion of the project. Thus, the process involves various risks in form of credit and mercantile threats4. The basic features identifiable from the above provided description and definitions of project financing imply that it is a legal process and requires strong and effective regulatory interventions in its course to reduce the risks involved. This signifies the role of government to be quite a significant in structuring the legislative actions concerned with minimisation of risks involved in project financing. However, in project financing, not only the regulatory frameworks, but other macro-economic factors also play crucial roles which can be controlled by governmental support. Based on this thoug ht, the paper will intend to recognise and critically label the governmental measures that can effectively support project financing in the modern day context. The mazy Structure of Project Finance With a general point of view, it can be stated that project finance intends to create an entity which is based on a special-purpose and aimed at the achievement of a particular goal, foreign any other commercial institution. For instance, an entity created with the aim to develop a power plant or a petrochemical unit or a toll road or even railways and operate it with the sole purpose for serving the state5. Thus, it is quite apparent that the purpose of project finances is predominantly broad which involves multiple facets and disciplines for its achievement. It is in this context that the structure of project finances are divided into two broad disciplines, i.e. the development of the project and finance. Both the disciplines are termed to be quite significant. The progress of the pr oject deals with the functions performed by corporate players entitled to develop the project. Similarly, the finance discipline concentrates on the funding of the project representing the relationship between the financial lenders and the project development6. check to the experts, project financing is a complex process which involves mu